Prostatitis: causes, provoking factors, methods of treatment

The prostate is synthesizedimmunoglobulins, regulates the consistency of semen with the help of a certain secretion, controls the process of urination and ejaculation. Penetration of the pathogen into the cavity of this organ provokes prostatitis - inflammation that occurs in acute or chronic form.

Causes and mechanism of disease development

Prostatitis begins with the penetration and multiplication of pathogenic agents in the cavity of the organ. These are extracellular pathogens or their own microflora from the surface of the skin or mucous membranes:

• colibacillus;
• Proteus;
• enterococcus;
• staphylococci;
• enterobacter;
• Pneumococcus.

In the presence of sexually transmitted diseases or infectious diseases of internal organs, the lumen of the prostate can penetrate:

• pale treponema;
• ureaplasma;
• Trichomonas;
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
• Koch's bacillus.

Pathogenic flora enters the prostate ascending from the urethra. Less often - blood flow or lymph flow from the infected organ. Numerous provoking factors affect the rate of disease development and the intensity of symptoms:

• anomalies in the structure of the bladder neck;
• urethral stricture;
• consequences of postoperative catheterization;
• reduced immunity in the background of chronic and systemic diseases, hypothermia, physical overload, hard work;
• violation of blood and lymph outflow in the pelvic area;
• promiscuous or irregular sex life.

An active blood supply and a moist, closed environment in the prostate cavity promote the uninterrupted reproduction of pathogens. The secretion created by the gland thickens, its outflow is disturbed. Infiltration gradually accumulates in the lumen, inflammation progresses.

The course of acute prostatitis

Primary inflammation usually develops acutely. On average, the patient feels his clinical signs 5-7 days after infection. Its symptoms are vivid, it is impossible not to notice them:

• intense constant pain in the perineal region, radiating to the scrotum, penis, anus;
• diuresis disorders: frequent, painful urination, false desires, sluggish, occasional cloudy urine stream:
• serous or purulent discharge from the urethra with a sharp unpleasant odor;
• general intoxication: cold, sudden rise in body temperature, physical weakness, weakness.

Most people with acute prostatitis have impaired sexual function. Arousal is either completely absent, or does not lead to a normal erection and the ability to perform intercourse. The seeds may contain pus or blood.

The symptoms of bacterial prostatitis depend on the morphological changes and stages of the disease:

• Catarrhal inflammation that develops initially affects the ducts of the organs and leads to the appearance of deep dull pain. The fever is usually absent, the health condition is generally satisfactory.
• The inflammatory process affects one or both lobes of the gland - follicular prostatitis progresses. The tissues swell, the amount of infiltrate in the lumen increases. The pain is constantly tormented, intensified by movement. Difficulty urinating.
• The parenchymal stage occurs when the entire body of the prostate is affected. The functioning of the bladder and rectum is impaired due to the strong compression of the inflamed, swollen walls of the gland. The pain in the perineum becomes unbearable. Purulent and bloody impurities appear in the urine, body temperature rises to 39 ° C and above.

Delay in treatment provokes chronic disease. Complications are possible: urethral obstruction, fistulas, abscesses, pyelonephritis, sepsis.

Chronic prostatitis

It develops from untreated acute disease, but is more often formed as an independent disease. Slow inflammation is caused by an insufficient immune response to the penetration of infection, a small number of pathogenic microorganisms or the aseptic nature of the disease. In the latter case, the pathology is caused by stagnation of secretions, disorders in the structure of prostate tissue, patency of its channels.

Signs of intoxication and severe pain in chronic bacterial prostatitis occur only with exacerbation. During the latent period, the disease is manifested by periodic urination disorders and physical discomfort. The desire for a toilet is more frequent at night, after it is cold. Diuresis is sometimes accompanied by a slight burning sensation. Erectile dysfunction is common.

Chronic prostatitis can last for years with occasional occurrences. Prolonged course leads to the formation of fibrous areas in the parenchyma, provokes the development of impotence, infertility and oncological tumors.

How to diagnose and treat prostatitis

If you suspect the development of prostate inflammation, you should contact a urologist. The presumed diagnosis is confirmed by a bacterial culture of glandular secretion. If it is impossible to obtain, a swab from the urethra, a urine sample, semen are examined. In addition to bacterial seeding, blood and urine tests are performed, and prostate ultrasound is performed.

Treatment of acute infectious prostatitis is carried out in a clinical setting at the Department of Urology.

• The main focus is on suppressing pathogens, alleviating inflammation and preventing complications. The patient was prescribed a course of antibiotics. Injections of drugs from the groups of tetracycline, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones or penicillin are used, depending on which infection caused the disease. Duration of therapy: from a few days to 2-4 weeks.
• To restore urinary function and alleviate acute symptoms, muscle relaxants, anti-inflammatory pain relievers, and antispasmodics are widely prescribed.
• Specific therapy is supplemented with vitamins and mineral preparations, immunomodulators.

In the early stages, uncomplicated inflammation heals completely.

Chronic prostatitis does not require hospitalization. The patient undergoes a course of antibiotic therapy at home, respecting the necessary restrictions.

In parallel, it is necessary to undergo a course of treatment for possible provocative diseases: bronchitis, pyelonephritis, cholecystitis, genitourinary infections.

The main treatment without worsening is supplemented with physiotherapeutic methods: ultrasound procedures, magnetotherapy, laser exposure.

Alcohol, hot spices, marinades, pickles, fatty, canned and smoked foods must be excluded during the therapy period. It is recommended to include fresh herbs, vegetables, nuts, fish, lean meat in the diet.

The success of treatment of the chronic form in any case depends on the duration of the disease, the existing organic tissue damage, concomitant disorders of the kidneys and bladder.